Activation Finance Architecture for CCS Pathways

The CarbX Activation Finance Architecture provides the minimum financial structure required to turn Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) pathways from uncertain concepts into investable and scalable systems.

Through two distinct components we separate what the pathway delivers from how it is financed, ensuring clarity, comparability and replicability:

• Activation Instruments - how the Pathway is financed.
• Foundational Options - what the Pathway ultimately delivers

Activation Instruments

Activation Instruments provide finance for CCS pathways. They structure, sequence and price risk from early uncertainty to final delivery:

• Activation Capital (AC) initiates the pathway - funding the earliest, most uncertain work.
• Pathway Contracts (PCs) structure and verify progress - converting pathway milestones into investable commitments.
• Contingent Risk Obligations (CROs) price and transfer residual risk as the pathway progresses.

Foundational Options

Foundational Options are the rights that a CCS pathway produces when it becomes operational.

These are, in sequential order:

1. Carbon Storage Option (CSO), the right to store CO₂
2. Carbon Transport Option (CTO), the right to transport CO₂
3. Carbon Capture Option (CCO), the right to capture CO₂

They define the end‑state capability of the CCS Pathway.